1. Use Proxmox Backup Server (PBS) The Gold Standard
Best for: Production environments, multi-node clusters, performance, deduplication.
The most reliable and scalable backup method is Proxmox Backup Server, purpose-built for Proxmox VE.
Why PBS is superior

• Incremental, deduplicated backups
• Chunk-based storage (efficient on large fleets)
• Built-in encryption support
• Backup verification jobs
• Native VM & container restore integration
• Tape support (enterprise setups)
• Remote sync to another PBS

How it works

• The VM is snapshotted.
• Data is streamed in chunks.
• Only changed chunks are stored.
• Old chunks are garbage-collected when pruned.

This makes it extremely efficient at scale.

Best Practices

• Run PBS on separate hardware.
• Use ZFS on the PBS datastore.
• Enable verification jobs weekly.
• Use prune + retention policies (e.g., 7 daily / 4 weekly / 6 monthly).
• Sync to a second PBS for off-site DR.

If you are serious about uptime and recovery guarantees, PBS should be your primary system.
2. ZFS Snapshots (Fast Rollback, Not a Backup Alone)
Best for: Quick rollback, local corruption recovery.

If you're using ZFS storage inside Proxmox (which you should be), snapshots are nearly instant.

Pros

• Instant creation
• Minimal space (copy-on-write)
• Fast rollback
• Can replicate with zfs send | receive

Cons

• Stored on same system
• No air-gap
• Not ransomware resistant
• Not hardware-failure proof

Snapshots are not a substitute for real backups. They are a short-term safety net.

Use them for:

• Pre-upgrade checkpoints
• Configuration changes
• Patch rollbacks

3. vzdump (Legacy, Still Useful in Some Cases)

Best for: Small environments, simple setups, single-node hosts.

Proxmox includes a built-in tool called vzdump that creates .vma.zst archives.

Pros

• Simple
• Works without PBS
• Easy to copy off-site

Cons

• No deduplication
• Large backup sizes
• Slower restore times
• Inefficient at scale

If you're running a single node or lab, vzdump to a NAS can be acceptable.
But once you scale, PBS is dramatically better.

Example Production Architecture

For a multi-node Proxmox cluster:

• ZFS snapshots hourly (local rollback)
• PBS nightly backups
• Weekly verification jobs
• Prune with long retention tiers
• Remote PBS sync daily
• Quarterly restore testing

This gives you:

• Fast local recovery
• Efficient storage use
• Encrypted backups
• Ransomware resilience
• Off-site disaster protection